![]() ![]() In some cases, blood may accumulate around the joint - a condition called hemarthrosis. With an ankle fracture, there is immediate swelling and pain around the ankle as well as impaired mobility. What are the Symptoms of an Ankle Fracture? What are the Common Causes of Ankle Fractures?Īnkle fractures can occur from excessive rolling and twisting of the ankle - usually from an accident or activities such as jumping or falling, which cause sudden stress to the joint. The ankle joint is stabilized by different ligaments and other soft tissues, which may also be injured during an ankle fracture. Pain after ankle injuries can either be from a torn ligament (ankle sprain) or broken bone (ankle fracture).Īn ankle fracture is a painful condition where there is a break in one or more bones forming the ankle joint. What is an Ankle Fracture?Īnkle injuries are very common in athletes and individuals performing physical work often resulting in severe pain and impaired mobility. The joint is protected by a fibrous membrane called a joint capsule and filled with synovial fluid to enable smooth movement. The ends of the fibula and tibia (lower leg bones) form the inner and outer malleolus, which are the bony protrusions of the ankle joint that you can feel and see on either side of the ankle. The ankle joint is composed of three bones: the tibia, fibula, and talus, which articulate together. doi:10.Ankle Fractures What is the Normal Ankle Anatomy? Tillaux and Volkmann Fractures: A Report on Two Cases, Treatment Determined by Syndesmosis Instability. Posterior Malleolar Ankle Fractures: An Effort at Improving Outcomes. Mason L, Kaye A, Widnall J, Redfern J, Molloy A. Pathoanatomy of Posterior Malleolar Fractures of the Ankle. Posterior Malleolus Fractures: Worth Fixing. Classifications in Brief: Lauge-Hansen Classification of Ankle Fractures. ![]() Tartaglione J, Rosenbaum A, Abousayed M, DiPreta J. Posterior Malleolar Fractures of the Ankle. Bartoníček J, Rammelt S, Tuček M, Naňka O. The first description of a fracture of the posterior edge of the distal tibia in an ankle fracture-dislocation was by the English surgeon Henry Earle (1789-1838) 6 in 1828 1. It can be performed by anteroposterior screw fixation after reduction and temporary K-wire stabilization or with posterolateral, posteromedial or combined approaches including a small buttress plate in case of larger fragments 1,5. ![]() Posterolateral injury with concomitant fibular fractures for better restoration of the syndesmotic structure 1,4 Posterior talar subluxation or other signs of tibiotalar instability Significant posterior malleolar fragment size or articular surface (20-25%) involved Open reduction and internal fixation are usually performed after concomitant medial and lateral malleolar fractures or injuries have been reduced and fixed under the following conditions 1: Simple, fragmentary, intercalated fragments The extent of involvement of the articular surface Location of the fragment (posteromedial, posterolateral) The complete extent of the fracture including medial malleolar and fibular fractures The radiological report should include a description of the following: It is important to assess for posterior inferior tibiofibular ligament integrity. MRI can supply additional information regarding syndesmosis injury or concerning possible associated chondral lesions or tendon injury 1. True fragment size and geometry, as well as displacement, can be nicely visualized and assessed with axial and sagittal planes, which can be combined with 3D reconstructions, CT is also helpful for exact fracture classification 1. Another possible indicator might be a vertical course of an associated medial malleolar fracture. On the anteroposterior radiograph of the ankle, a posterior malleolus fracture might be evident as a double contour of the medial malleolus if the latter is involved. The posterior malleolus fracture is best appreciated on the lateral radiograph of the ankle, evident as a bony discontinuity often associated with an articular step-off. Further imaging methods include CT for obtaining more detailed information or rarely MRI 1. Initial evaluation of an ankle injury is done with ankle anteroposterior, lateral and mortise views. Classificationĭifferent classification systems have been proposed, basically differentiating between the following 1,4,5:įragmented posterior malleolus fractures with medial extensions They are seen in the context of medial malleolar and infrasyndesmotic, transsyndesmotic or suprasyndesmotic fibular injuries. Pronation and external rotation or abduction Posterior malleolus fractures can occur as a result of the following mechanisms 2,3: Posterior malleolar fractures occur in up to 46% of type Weber B or C fracture-dislocations and are rarely isolated 1. ![]()
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